PERFORMING RMAN RECOVERY FROM SYSTEM CDB$ROOT DATAFILE LOSS

Backup & Recovery, Multitenant / 13/07/2022

Coletando informações do ambiente:

[oracle@quiasma ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 15 04:35:41 2021
Version 18.13.0.0.0
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.13.0.0.0
 
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,CDB FROM V$DATABASE;
 
NAME      OPEN_MODE            CDB
--------- -------------------- ---
ASWAN     READ WRITE           YES
 
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE FROM V$PDBS;
 
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPEN_MODE
----------
PDB$SEED
READ ONLY
 
HIPOFISE1
MOUNTED
 
 
SQL> SELECT FILE_NAME FROM DBA_DATA_FILES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='SYSTEM';
 
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wbzgc1_.dbf

Realizando backup do banco de dados:

[oracle@quiasma ~]$ rman target /
 
Recovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 15 04:36:51 2021
Version 18.13.0.0.0
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
 
connected to target database: ASWAN (DBID=1340416544)
 
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
 
 
Starting backup at 15-MAY-21
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=109 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=1 STAMP=1072501770
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=2 STAMP=1072501809
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=3 STAMP=1072503370
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=4 STAMP=1072503403
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=5 STAMP=1072586228
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210515T043708_j9yyk4yg_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T043708 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 15-MAY-21
 
Starting backup at 15-MAY-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wbzgc1_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_j9wdsb2f_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_j9wc1bk9_.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_users_j9wc1clt_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T043712_j9yyk87t_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T043712 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wc9px6_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_j9wc9px1_.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_j9wc9px7_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/C2469670772D160AE0536A00A8C00FFA/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T043712_j9yykqb9_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T043712 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wcyoh3_.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_j9wcyoh7_.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_j9wcyoh8_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T043712_j9yyktfp_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T043712 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 15-MAY-21
 
Starting backup at 15-MAY-21
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=6 STAMP=1072586257
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210515T043737_j9yyl1n1_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T043737 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-MAY-21
 
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/autobackup/2021_05_15/o1_mf_s_1072586258_j9yyl2vn_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-MAY-21

Removendo o datafile relacionado com a tablespace SYSTEM:

[oracle@quiasma ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 15 04:38:29 2021
Version 18.13.0.0.0
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.13.0.0.0
 
SQL> ! rm /oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wbzgc1_.dbf
 
SQL>

Tentando realizar alguma operação no banco, e percebendo que o mesmo já identifica o problema:

SQL> DESC DBA_DATA_FILES
ERROR:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 1
ORA-01110: data file 1:
'/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wbzgc1_.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

Baixando instância e montando o banco de dados:

SQL> SHU ABORT;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 2466249080 bytes
Fixed Size                  8898936 bytes
Variable Size             671088640 bytes
Database Buffers         1778384896 bytes
Redo Buffers                7876608 bytes
Database mounted.

Neste momento, vou simular o restore do banco todo do CDB$ROOT:

RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE "CDB$ROOT";
 
Starting restore at 15-MAY-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=45 device type=DISK
 
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wbzgc1_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_j9wdsb2f_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_j9wc1bk9_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_users_j9wc1clt_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T043712_j9yyk87t_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T043712_j9yyk87t_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T043712
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 15-MAY-21

Fazendo o Recover do banco. A palavra “ROOT” também pode ser usada, no lugar de “CDB$ROOT”:

RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE ROOT;
 
Starting recover at 15-MAY-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
 
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
 
Finished recover at 15-MAY-21

Banco aberto:

RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
 
Statement processed

Validando o CDB$ROOT e abrindo os seus PDBs:

SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,CDB FROM V$DATABASE;
 
NAME      OPEN_MODE            CDB
--------- -------------------- ---
ASWAN     READ WRITE           YES
 
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE FROM V$PDBS;
 
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPEN_MODE
----------
PDB$SEED
READ ONLY
 
HIPOFISE1
MOUNTED
 
 
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;
 
Pluggable database altered.
 
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL SAVE STATE;
 
Pluggable database altered.
 
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE FROM V$PDBS;
 
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPEN_MODE
----------
PDB$SEED
READ ONLY
 
HIPOFISE1
READ WRITE

Outra maneira de nos recupermos de uma situação dessa é fazer o restore/recover apenas da tablespace SYSTEM, que foi a tablespace afetada nesse exemplo do artigo. Vamos simular, realizando um novo backup e removendo o datafile:

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
 
 
Starting backup at 15-MAY-21
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=1 STAMP=1072501770
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=2 STAMP=1072501809
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=3 STAMP=1072503370
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=4 STAMP=1072503403
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=5 STAMP=1072586228
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=6 STAMP=1072586257
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=7 STAMP=1072586635
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=8 STAMP=1072586846
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210515T044726_j9yz4gwv_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T044726 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-MAY-21
 
Starting backup at 15-MAY-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9yytdmq_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_j9wdsb2f_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_j9wc1bk9_.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_users_j9wc1clt_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T044728_j9yz4j6r_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T044728 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wcyoh3_.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_j9wcyoh7_.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_j9wcyoh8_.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/datafile/o1_mf_users_j9yz06wp_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/C246BD61C42A1E80E0536A00A8C076F1/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T044728_j9yz4qdd_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T044728 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9wc9px6_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_j9wc9px1_.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_j9wc9px7_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/C2469670772D160AE0536A00A8C00FFA/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T044728_j9yz4tbv_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T044728 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 15-MAY-21
 
Starting backup at 15-MAY-21
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=9 STAMP=1072586861
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20210515T044741_j9yz4xl0_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T044741 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-MAY-21
 
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-MAY-21
piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/autobackup/2021_05_15/o1_mf_s_1072586862_j9yz4yrt_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-MAY-21

Removendo datafile:

RMAN> SELECT FILE_NAME FROM DBA_DATA_FILES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='SYSTEM';
 
 
 
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9yytdmq_.dbf
 
 
RMAN> host 'rm /oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9yytdmq_.dbf';
 
host command complete
 
RMAN> REPORT SCHEMA;
 
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ASWAN
 
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of report command at 05/15/2021 04:52:18
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 1
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9yytdmq_.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

SQL> SHU ABORT;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 2466249080 bytes
Fixed Size                  8898936 bytes
Variable Size             671088640 bytes
Database Buffers         1778384896 bytes
Redo Buffers                7876608 bytes
Database mounted.

Restaurando apenas a tablespace SYSTEM:

RMAN> RESTORE TABLESPACE ROOT:SYSTEM;
 
Starting restore at 15-MAY-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=46 device type=DISK
 
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /oracle/dados/ASWAN/datafile/o1_mf_system_j9yytdmq_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T044728_j9yz4j6r_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oracle/fra/ASWAN/backupset/2021_05_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20210515T044728_j9yz4j6r_.bkp tag=TAG20210515T044728
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 15-MAY-21

Recover:

RMAN> RECOVER TABLESPACE "CDB$ROOT":SYSTEM;
 
Starting recover at 15-MAY-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
 
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
 
Finished recover at 15-MAY-21

Abrindo o banco:

RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
 
Statement processed

Validando ambiente:

SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,CDB FROM V$DATABASE;
 
NAME      OPEN_MODE            CDB
--------- -------------------- ---
ASWAN     READ WRITE           YES
 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT;
 
System altered.
 
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE FROM V$PDBS;
 
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPEN_MODE
----------
PDB$SEED
READ ONLY
 
HIPOFISE1
READ WRITE

Obs: Este procedimento foi criado pelo senhor Ahmed Baraka (www.ahmedbaraka.com) e foi apenas reproduzido por mim em um laboratório pessoal para fins de aprendizado.

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